What occurs when the audio is too loud?

When audio levels are too high, clipping occurs as a result of exceeding the maximum limit of the audio equipment's capability to reproduce sound. Clipping manifests when the peaks of the audio waveforms are "clipped" off, leading to a harsh, distorted sound. This phenomenon can damage speakers and produce an unpleasant listening experience, as the original audio is no longer accurately represented.

Clipping specifically refers to the point where the amplitude of the signal exceeds the limits of the system, cutting off the tops and bottoms of the waveforms. It is a common issue in both live sound reinforcement and recording scenarios when the mixer or amplifier is pushed too hard without adequate headroom or control.

In contrast, distortion refers to a general alteration of the original signal, which can include clipping but also encompasses other types of changes in audio characteristics. Peaking relates to audio levels reaching their highest point, which can indicate potential clipping but does not explicitly define the phenomenon. Feedback is a different issue, resulting from a loop between a microphone and speaker that creates a looping signal, leading to high-pitched squeals rather than simply loud audio.

Understanding clipping is crucial for sound engineering, as managing levels effectively helps maintain audio quality and prevents damage to equipment.