What does "realism" in film refer to?

Realism in film refers to a style that seeks to portray life as it truly is, emphasizing the authenticity of experiences and everyday situations. Filmmakers who adopt this approach aim to depict characters and narratives that resonate with the audience's own experiences, often highlighting the mundane aspects of life rather than sensational or exaggerated events. This style favors natural dialogue, authentic locations, and situations that reflect the complexities of real life, aiming to create a believable depiction of the human experience.

In contrast, the other choices represent different approaches or genres in film. The option discussing exaggeration for dramatic effect focuses on stylized storytelling that heightens emotions or events, which is contrary to realism. The mention of animation pertains to a specific filmmaking technique that can be applied across various styles, not specifically linked to the realism movement. Lastly, the inclusion of fantasy elements is indicative of a genre that explores imaginative or supernatural themes, distancing itself from the realism that grounds narrative in the believable and relatable.