What does aspect ratio refer to in film?

Aspect ratio in film refers to the proportional relationship between the width and height of the screen. It is expressed as two numbers separated by a colon, such as 16:9 or 4:3, where the first number represents the width and the second number signifies the height. This ratio is crucial for filmmakers and audiences alike, as it affects the composition of shots and how the visuals are perceived.

For example, a wider aspect ratio like 16:9 is commonly used in modern television and films, providing a more cinematic and immersive experience, whereas a standard aspect ratio like 4:3 was typical in older television formats, affecting how scenes are framed and visual storytelling is executed.

By defining how images are displayed on screen, aspect ratio directly contributes to the overall aesthetic and narrative qualities of a film, making it a fundamental concept in cinematography.