What characterizes an "independent film"?

An independent film is characterized by its production outside of the major studio system, which typically involves smaller budgets and a greater degree of creative control for the filmmakers. This autonomy allows independent filmmakers to explore unique stories, styles, and perspectives that may not fit within the commercial constraints often imposed by larger studios. Furthermore, independent films are frequently made with a focus on artistic expression rather than solely on box office appeal.

The option identifying independent films as those shown only at film festivals is misleading, as many independent films are eventually distributed to a wider audience through various means beyond film festivals. Similarly, while many independent films may feature lesser-known actors, it is not a defining characteristic; independent films can also include well-known actors who are drawn to the unique projects. Finally, films produced within major studio systems with higher budgets are typically classified as studio films rather than independent films, further distinguishing the two categories.